架空導線的類別和其適用于線路場合：
架空(kong)(kong)導(dao)線(xian)是輸電線(xian)路的主要(yao)構成部件，其(qi)作用是傳輸電流，保送(song)電功(gong)率。由于架設在桿塔上面，導(dao)線(xian)要(yao)接受自重及風、雪、冰(bing)等外加荷載，同時(shi)還會遭到四周空(kong)(kong)氣所含化學(xue)物質的腐蝕。因而，要(yao)求導(dao)線(xian)不只要(yao)有精良(liang)的電氣功(gong)能(neng)、充足的機(ji)器(qi)強(qiang)度及抗腐化才能(neng)，還要(yao)盡能(neng)夠質輕且價廉。
合適做(zuo)架(jia)空(kong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)的(de)(de)材料有銅(tong)(tong)、鋁(lv)(lv)、鋼(gang)、鋁(lv)(lv)合金(jin)等。由于(yu)(yu)銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)率高、機器(qi)強(qiang)度(du)高、抗(kang)(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)抗(kang)(kang)腐化(hua)(hua)才能(neng)強(qiang)，1882年銅(tong)(tong)被(bei)德國(guo)人_早(zao)制成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)架(jia)空(kong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)保(bao)送直流(liu)電(dian)。但銅(tong)(tong)在_界中的(de)(de)蘊藏量相對較少，且(qie)其用(yong)(yong)處普遍(bian)(bian)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)致銅(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)價錢昂(ang)貴(gui)，使其未(wei)能(neng)得到普遍(bian)(bian)使用(yong)(yong)。鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)率次于(yu)(yu)銅(tong)(tong)，密(mi)度(du)小(xiao)，也有肯(ken)定的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)抗(kang)(kang)腐化(hua)(hua)才能(neng)，且(qie)價錢比(bi)較低(di)，因而，1895年鋁(lv)(lv)被(bei)美國(guo)人初次制成(cheng)鋁(lv)(lv)架(jia)空(kong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)傳輸(shu)交換(huan)電(dian)。但鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)機器(qi)強(qiang)度(du)低(di)，不適于(yu)(yu)大(da)跨度(du)架(jia)設，為(wei)補償該(gai)缺陷，進步(bu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)的(de)(de)機器(qi)強(qiang)度(du)，常接(jie)納銅(tong)(tong)芯(xin)鋁(lv)(lv)絞線(xian)、銅(tong)(tong)芯(xin)鋁(lv)(lv)合金(jin)絞線(xian)及鋼(gang)芯(xin)鋁(lv)(lv)絞線(xian)取代鋁(lv)(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)。
架(jia)空導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)品種好多，按(an)導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)外(wai)能否(fou)具有絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)a可將導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)裸導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)兩大類。裸導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)主要(yao)包羅銅絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、鋁(lv)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、鋼(gang)(gang)芯鋁(lv)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、輕(qing)型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)芯鋁(lv)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、增強型(xing)鋼(gang)(gang)芯鋁(lv)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、鋁(lv)合金絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、鋼(gang)(gang)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)，詳細(xi)使用(yong)列于(yu)表1.1。為(wei)(wei)保障輸電(dian)(dian)安全(quan)，處理(li)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路與樹(shu)木間沖突(tu)，低落線(xian)(xian)(xian)路維護工作量，進步(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路安全(quan)牢靠性，城區內10kV架(jia)空配電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路逐漸改用(yong)架(jia)空絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)。該類導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)按(an)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)品級可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)中壓(ya)（10kV）絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和低壓(ya)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)；按(an)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)聚(ju)氯乙烯絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和交鏈(lian)聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，其優缺陷列于(yu)表 1.2。
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